ARMD
(A)ge (R)elated (M)acular (D)egeneration - Macular degeneration is a disorder that affects the macula (the central part of the retina of the eye)causing decreased visual acuity and possible loss of central vision.

Astigmatism
Either the front of the eye, the cornea or the lenses has an irregular shape. It is more oval like a football, instead of spherical like a basketball. This causes incoming light to be focused on multiple points instead of just one

Cataract
Any clouding or opacification of the normally clear crystalline lens of the eye

Cornea
The transparent, convex, anterior or front portion of the eyeball that covers the iris and the pupil and is continuous with the sclera.

Corneal Topography
Measurement of the shape of the cornea.

Diopter
a unit of optical measurement which refers to the ability of a lens to bend light. A 1 diopter lens bends a beam of light 1 cm at a distance of 1 meter

Farsightedness
Light entering the eye is focused past the retina, causing the image to be blurred. Essentially the eyeball is too short.

LASIK
Laser in Situ Keratomileusis. The use of a keratome and excimer laser to reshape the eye to refocus the images projected to the retina.

Nearsightedness
Light entering the eye is focused short of the retina, causing the image to be blurred. Essentially the eyeball is too long.

Pachymetry
The use of an instrument to measure the thickness of the cornea.

PRK
Photorefractive Keratectomy. Use of an excimer laser to reshape the front part of the eye (the cornea).

Presbyopia
Inability of the eye to focus sharply on nearby objects, resulting from loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with advancing age.

Retina
A structure in the back of the eye, designed to receive and transmit the light entering the eye to the optic nerve.

Macular Degneration
The deterioration of the central part of the retina. It is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss in patiens living in developed countries.

Microkeratome
An automated microsurgical instrument, used to create a hinged flap. Much like a carpenter's plane.